unit 34

Max Fleischer Max Fleischer is one of the many pioneers of animation. The story of Max Fleischer is one of the technical innovation, full of exploration in the production process of the animated films. He had put an animation together using a process he and his brother Dave had invented in 1915 called the rotoscope, still in use today, in which a strip of live-action footage can be traced and redrawn as a cartoon. They exploited this technique in their pioneered series "out of the inkwell" that showcase the interaction between human and drawn figures and because of that Disney struggle to imitate his early Alice cartoons. Fleischer's cartoon were rather rough than refined, commercial rather than consciously artistic. though Fleischer and Disney were rivals, as Betty Boop and Mickey Mouse were becoming the most famous animated characters, they were constantly pushing revolutionary techniques. reference: https://www.biography.com/people/max-fleischer-082515 ...

  Computer animation uses hardware and software to make the animation process feasible, faster and executable by less skilled and fewer creators. Computer animation creates the illusion of movement through a succession of computer-generated still images. It capitalises on a number of principals of human perception in order to trick the viewer into believing that the images seen on a 2D screen are 3D: the texture, colour and lighting of the 3D objects are modified using software programs and  the pictures has depth and is more realistic whereas 2D animators create frames to define a sequence that is then moved at varying speeds to create the illusion of motion. Pixar mostly uses computers (technology) to run the software which allows them to design concept works, produce storyboards, and especially animating software which allows them to create the animation in their films. also, they rely on powerful, specially designed computers to use the process of rendering....

Roger Allers https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rkb0r2-vYK0  One of my favorite film is Lion king which was produced by Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff. The lion king is an animated musical film which was produced in 1994. it was produced in Walt Disney Feature Animation and was released by Walt Disney Pictures.  The film utilizes the collaboration of formal technique and thematic content in order to create a live and complex experience for the viewers. in this film they used CGI (computer generated imagery) during the hand-drawn animation of Simba and Mufasa. Technicians use computers to digitally ink and paint the images and process them onto film. The majority of the film was hand-drawn animation done with celluloid, which allowed the characters to be animated over the same hand painted backgrounds. The animators used CAPS (Computer Animated Production System) to create the lighting, coloring, and particle effects, which helped create the light effects in...

Lotte Reiniger Lotte was one of the animation industry pioneers who specialized in silhouette animation. she invented a technique that involved cutting out pieces of lead and cardboard and animating them frame by frame under a camera. The Adventures of Prince Achmed is the oldest surviving animated feature film.  in this film it uses the technique of metamorphosis in which one shape transforms seamlessly into another. in the film it plays out a battle between the magician and the witch and then morph magically into animals.

Pioneers  Walter Elias Disney was a pioneer and innovator. He experimented with cartoon animation and evolved live action into his projects. Walt Disney used drawn/cel animation techniques. Techniques has changed over time for example in 'snow white' they used pencil and paper - drawing one frame at a time. the paper would be inked and painted on a piece of plastic called 'cel' and shot by an animated camera. eventually, they started using computer graphics so, instead of drawing a character you could build a character in the computer.

Gertie the Dinosaur (Winsor McCay, 1914) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-_c15oS5i5I   In 1914 Winsor McCay , using drawing and the stop-motion technique, created the first character-based cartoon called “Gertie the Dinosaur” This animation is about a dinosaur that has been 'trained' but gets into trouble because she does not know how strong she is. The animation gives a big impression to the audience to think that Gertie is 'alive'. I think what makes it more realistic is when 'he' throws a pumpkin to the dinosaur and he "appears" inside of the animation. I think its very fascinating how Winsor McCay expresses all movements and expressions through Gertie. In the animation you can see a few re-used drawings to avoid some repetitions.  animation techniques that was used: key frames  registration marks  tracing paper  animation loops 

Eadweard Muybridge                          Edward Muybridge, an English photographer captured a horse in motion in 1879 which can be marked as one of the earliest attempts of motion pictures in the world.  inventor and innovator-Eadweard Muybridge was the first man in history to record a continuous live action by using still cameras which captured consecutive stages of movement. Muybridge was one of the early pioneers of photography, whose work documenting the movements of animals and humans continues to inform and influence today. He invented the zoopraxiscope - one of the first film projector in the world to animate sequences of images to display nymphs dancing. He won a substantial bet when his series of photographs depicting a galloping horse proving that at one stage of motion all four hooves are off ground. He is known as the 'father of the motion picture'. The famous  Horse in motion was a stud...